The 1994 Stanley Cup Champion New York Rangers :: Hockey History Winning Sports Essays

The 1994 Stanley Cup Champion New York Rangers It is the fantasy of each youngster that has ever played hockey to one day have the option to hold hockey’s most valued belonging over their head. The brilliance, respect, and renown that accompanies this trophy is by a wide margin the most first class in any game. It is astonishing to me how long and the measure of exertion these players put in just to hold this cup over their heads. For what reason is there such a drive and how did this trophy come to mean such a great amount to such a large number of individuals? This trophy has such humble beginnings. Starting in Canada, Hockey was paid attention to very. There was a great deal of contention going on all through the nation, particularly in the Amateur Hockey Association, with respect to who had the best hockey group. It was in light of this that Lord Stanley of Preston, the Governor of Central-Canada, chose to introduce a trophy to the group that won the title. He stated, â€Å"I have for quite a while been imagining that it would be something worth being thankful for if there were a test cup which ought to be held from year to year by the victor hockey group in the Dominion (of Canada)† (Nhl.com). Master Stanley bought a cup-like trophy for what could be compared to just $50.00, and from that point on, it was introduced to the triumphant group. â€Å"The Stanley Cupâ€today the image of the hockey title of the world, most seasoned elite athletics trophy in North America, sparkling prize of a multi-million dollar industry, was then for amateurs†(McFarlane 14). The cup was first granted in 1893 and the names of every part in the group were engraved on it. As the years went on, they had to include more rings around the cup to prepare for the entirety of the champion’s names. The cup began as a challenger’s cup, which means whoever won had ownership of it, yet some other group could challenge them whenever for their possibility at the cup. â€Å"Over the years the Stanley Cup has developed in size and importance† (McFarlane xi). The New York Rangers, who went into the National Hockey League in the 1926-27 season, immediately got mindful of what it resembled to ascend to the highest point of the group and to hold the Stanley Cup over their heads. Lead by Lester Patrick, the lead trainer and Bill Cook, who won the scoring title that year, the Rangers completed at the highest point of the class.

Why does knowledge of different generic approaches to strategy matter Essay - 1

For what reason does information on various conventional ways to deal with system matter What suggestions does this have for our comprehension of the shrm field - Essay Example e comprehended the vital job that the HR can attempt in furnishing firms with upper hand and in this way adding to the enhancements in execution. As Lengnick †Hall et al. (2009) demonstrate, SHRM has been exceptionally accentuated inside the setting of incorporating key activities on the Human Resources with the key stance of firms. This paper centers around two key develops; the first is the foundation of the positive connection between information on nonexclusive methodologies and understanding the vital activities and the subsequent one is the connection between conventional ways to deal with techniques and SHRM. Conceptualizing and assessing business and authoritative techniques is a typical viewpoint that researchers and specialists embrace in their endeavor to comprehend the serious situation of the organizations just as the powers that connect in the methodology dynamic and detailing (†¦..). Whittington (2001) contends that it is basic to have certain information on systems as it empowers the better comprehension of the key decisions that associations regularly make. O’ Farrell et al. (2006) further case that information on systems really impacts authoritative execution for three reasons; first, understanding techniques infers comprehension of the setting in which planning can happen, second, understanding procedures recommends that administration has an away from of the various powers that can affect the key degree of firms and third, understanding methodologies expands the capacities and abilities of the executives towards key dynamic. The Generic ways to deal with system are seen by Whittington (2001) as four central ‘movements’ which reflect various ways of thinking in regards to the vital structure, usage and execution with respect to firms. The creator recognizes the nonexclusive ways to deal with the accompanying points of view: the traditional, the transformative,

What is a Brain Aneurysm

What is a Brain Aneurysm When Brandon’s was diagnosed with a raptured brain aneurysm, he had never even heard of the term, and it was all so unexpected.He was a generally healthy and active person and he’d never had any serious health issues.On that particular evening, he had come from a particularly vigorous gym session when he developed a sudden headache.Within a few minutes, the headache became so painful, unlike any headache he had ever experienced before. He was also experiencing double vision.He called his wife and was rushed to hospital. After running some tests and a CT scan, the doctor informed Brandon that he had a raptured brain aneurysm.Like Brandon, perhaps you have also never heard of the term brain aneurysm before, until you or someone close to you was diagnosed with the condition.A brain aneurysm is a very serious condition that can even result in death if not treated promptly.But what exactly is an aneurysm, and what should you do in case you get one?WHAT IS A BRAIN ANEURYSM? A brain ane urysm refers to a situation where an artery within the brain bulges at a certain spot, mainly due to weakness in the walls of the artery.The bulge then fills with blood. You can think of an aneurysm as a blood-filled balloon attached to an artery inside your brain.Once this blood-filled balloon forms, there is always the possibility that it might start leaking or burst.In many cases, it is possible to have an aneurysm for a long time and never know about it until it bursts, like in Brandon’s case.Most aneurysms do not show any symptoms and are not dangerous.However, when an aneurysm is at its most severe stage, it can rupture, causing internal bleeding.This bleeding can turn out to be fatal.Doctors classify aneurysms according to the part of the body in which they occur.The two most common types of aneurysms are those that occur in the arteries of the brain and of the heart.According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), aortic aneurysms kill up to 25,000 people in the US each year.At the same time, over 30,000 people in the US suffer from raptured brain aneurysms every year, with about a quarter of them dying within 24 hours. In this article, we will focus solely on cerebral/brain aneurysms.Brain aneurysms are common in the 35 â€" 60 age bracket, though they are not limited to this age bracket. Even children suffer from brain aneurysms.Women are also more likely to suffer from brain aneurysms that men. In most cases, there are no warning signs of a brain aneurysm.Many people only learn of the aneurysm after it raptures.Early diagnosis is key for surviving a brain aneurysm rupture.The initial hemorrhage may lead to devastating neurologic outcomes, or in the worst case scenario, kill you.For those who survive, a large number experience permanent neurological deficit or experience disabilities.CAUSES AND RISK FACTORS OF BRAIN ANEURYSMBrain aneurysms form when the walls of arteries in the brain grow thin and weaken.They typically form at the a rteries’ branch points since these are the weakest sections.Sometimes brain aneurysms are present right from a person’s birth, which is usually caused by an abnormality in an artery wall.Some aneurysms develop over the course of your life, some develop right from birth due to genetic reasons, and some develop due to brain injuries.Some of the factors that can put you at risk of developing cerebral aneurysms include:Genetic Risk FactorsBrain aneurysms may occur as a result of genetic connective tissue disorders that cause weakening of the artery walls.You also have a higher chance of developing a brain aneurysm if there is a history of aneurysms occurring in a first-degree family member such as a parent, sibling, or child.Other inherited factors that may contribute to the development of brain aneurysms include polycystic kidney disease and arteriovenous malformations.Arteriovenous malformations occur when the veins and arteries inside your bran become entangled, disrupting the fl ow of blood.Risk Factors That Develop Over TimeBrain aneurysms may also occur due to risk factors that gradually develop over time.These include high blood pressure that remains untreated, cigarette smoking, and drug abuse, particularly of cocaine or amphetamines which cause blood pressure to rise to dangerous levels.Intravenous drug abuse causes infectious mycotic aneurysms.Being over 40 years of age is also a risk factor for brain aneurysms.Other Risk FactorsOther risk factors for brain aneurysms include head trauma, brain tumors, and infection of the arterial walls.In addition, cigarette smoking, diabetes, cholesterol, and high blood pressure also increase your chances of developing brain aneurysms because they put you at risk of getting atherosclerosis.Atherosclerosis is a disease that affects blood vessels by causing a buildup of fat inside the artery walls. This can increase the risk of one developing a fusiform aneurysm.Factors that Put You at Risk of an Aneurysm RuptureNot a ll aneurysms result in a rupture.Factors such as the size of the aneurysm and where it is located may affect the risk of the aneurysm rupturing.Some medical conditions may also play a role in influencing a rupture.The risk factors that cause aneurysm rupture include:Smoking: This is one dangerous habit, considering it is linked to the development as well as the rupture of cerebral aneurysms. Smoking could even lead to the formation of multiple cerebral aneurysms.Size of the aneurysm: If a person has not been showing any symptoms of having an aneurysm, the ones that are most likely to rupture are the largest aneurysms.High blood pressure: HBP damages and weakens arteries, which increases the likelihood of the arteries forming aneurysms which will rupture.Location of the aneurysm: Aneurysms which are located on the posterior communicating arteries and possibly those located on the anterior communicating artery are more likely to rupture than those located elsewhere in the brain. The p osterior communicating arteries are a pair of arteries located in the back area of the brain. The anterior communicating artery is a single artery which is located in the front of the brain.Growth: Aneurysms that are continuously growing have a higher risk of rupturing than those which do not grow.Family history: If someone in your family history has had an aneurysm rupture, this puts you at a higher risk of suffering an aneurysm rupture.Multiple aneurysms: The greatest risk occurs in a person who has multiple aneurysms and who has already suffered a previous rupture or sentinel bleed.WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF BRAIN ANEURYSMS?As I mentioned before, cerebral aneurysms do not show symptoms or warning signs, and that is why they are such a high-risk disease.However, when they grow too large, or when they rupture, some symptoms will start to show. It is only the small, unchanging aneurysms that remain undetected.Symptoms of a Large, Unruptured AneurysmAs the aneurysm enlarges, it presses on tissues and nerves within the brain and that causes the following symptoms:Paralysis on one side of your facePain above and behind your eyeNumbnessDilated pupil in your eyeWeaknessChanges in vision or double visionSymptoms of a Ruptured AneurysmOnce the aneurysm bursts, you will experience an abrupt and extremely severe headache â€" it will feel like the worst headache you have ever experienced in your life.Other symptoms of a ruptured brain aneurysm include:VomitingNauseaStiff neckDouble visionSeizuresLight sensitivityBrief or prolonged loss of consciousnessCardiac arrestSymptoms of a Leaking AneurysmSometimes, instead of bursting outright, the aneurysm will start leaking a small amount of blood in your brain.This is known as a sentinel bleed.This leaking aneurysm will cause sentinel/warning headaches. This may happen days or even weeks in advance of the coming rupture.However, many people do not experience a sentinel headache before a rupture.If you experience a sudden, severe headache, especially one combined with any other symptoms, do not hesitate to seek medical attention at once.CLASSIFICATION OF BRAIN ANEURYSMSCerebral aneurysms are classified according to type.There are three types of brain aneurysms:Saccular Aneurysm: This is a round sac filled with blood, which is found on a main artery or on one of the branches of a main artery. It is also called a berry aneurysm, because it looks like a berry hanging from a vine. It is the most common type of brain aneurysm. Saccular aneurysms are typically found on arteries located at the base of the brain. They occur most often in adult individuals, and about 2% to 3% of the population has them.Fusiform Aneurysm: This is an aneurysm that bulges or balloons out on all sides of an artery. Fusiform aneurysms are less common and rarely get ruptured.Mycotic Aneurysm: This type of aneurysm is caused by an infection. The infection makes the artery wall weak, leading to the formation of a bulging aneurysm.COMPLICATI ONS CAUSED BY A RUPTURED BRAIN ANEURYSMWhen an aneurysm ruptures and bleeds into the space between your skull and brain, this is referred to as subarachnoid hemorrhage.Sometimes it may bleed into the brain tissue â€" this is known as intracerebral hemorrhage.Both subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhage may lead to hemorrhagic stroke, brain damage, and even death.Some of the other complications that may result from a ruptured brain aneurysm include:Rebleeding: A ruptured aneurysm may rupture again before it has been treated, leading to further leakage of blood into the brain and causing more damage or even death.Change in sodium levels: The bleeding can cause a disruption of sodium balance in the blood supply. This leads to swelling in the brain cells and can cause permanent brain damage.Hydrocephalus: This occurs when too much cerebrospinal fluid builds up in your brain, causing pressure that could lead to permanent brain damage or death. This condition frequently occurs after sub arachnoid hemorrhage because all the leaking blood blocks the cerebrospinal fluid’s normal flow. When left untreated, the pressure built up in the head can lead to coma or even death.Vasospasm: This is a frequent occurrence after subarachnoid hemorrhage â€" the bleeding makes the arteries contract, which limits the flow of blood to vital areas in your brain. This may cause strokes.Seizures: Seizures and convulsions may occur during the bleeding or immediately after. Untreated seizures and seizures that fail to respond to treatment can cause brain damage.DIAGNOSING A BRAIN ANEURYSMIn most cases, you won’t know about the presence of a brain aneurysm until a rupture happens, and even then, if the doctor fails to perform the necessary tests, you may be misdiagnosed.The main symptom of a ruptured aneurysm is the extremely severe headache.The doctor will put you through medical imaging tests so as to determine if any blood has leaked into the space between the skull bone and brain.The re are a variety of tests that the doctor can perform to diagnose brain aneurysms and determine appropriate treatment. These include:CT ScanA CT scan enables doctors to see inside your body, using a combination of X-rays and a computer to develop pictures of your organs, bones, and other tissues.CT scans show much more detail than a regular X-ray. Doctors can do a CT scan on any part of your body. It’s a painless procedure that does not take long.When it comes to brain aneurysms, a CT scan is typically the first test a doctor will order to see if there is leakage of blood into the brain.The CT scan uses X-rays to make two-dimensional images (“slices”) of the brain and the skull.A contrast dye could be injected into the bloodstream before the scanning commences.This is known as CT angiography (CTA), and the intention is to provide sharper, more detailed images of the blood flow in your arteries. CTA helps doctors see the location, shape, and size of an unruptured or ruptured an eurysm.MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)An MRI is a test that uses strong magnet and radio waves, and a computer to create detailed cross-sectional pictures of the internal organs and structures of your body.The scanner typically looks like a large tube with a table in the middle which enables the patient to slide in. MRI scans (unlike CT scans and X-rays) do not use potentially harmful ionizing radiation.Like the CT scan, the MRI will help the doctor determine if there is leakage of blood into the brain.Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) provides detailed images of the brain arteries which help the doctor to see the location, size, and shape of an aneurysm.Cerebral AngiographyCerebral angiography is a test that uses an X-ray to create an image which a doctor can use to determine whether there are any blockages and other abnormalities in the blood vessels located in your head or neck.Such blockages or abnormalities may lead to bleeding in the brain and even stroke.The cerebral angi ography can also help doctors identify weak spots in an artery.With an angiography, the doctor can determine what caused bleeding to occur in the brain, and the precise location, shape, and size of an aneurysm.The doctor passes a catheter (a long, flexible tube) to inject a small amount of contrast dye into the neck and brain arteries.The contrast dye enables the X-ray to provide a detailed picture of the aneurysm or any blockage in the arteries.Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) AnalysisCerebrospinal fluid is a clear, colorless fluid found in your brain and spinal cord â€" these two make up your central nervous system.The central nervous system controls and coordinates everything you do, from muscle movement to organ function, as well as complex thinking and planning.The cerebrospinal fluid protects your central nervous system by acting like a buffer or cushion against any sudden impact or injury to your brain or spinal cord.CSF also facilitates the removal of waste products from the brain. It helps the central nervous system work properly.The CSF analysis involves a group of tests that examine your cerebrospinal fluid to help the doctor diagnose diseases and conditions that affect the brain or spinal cord.CSF analysis measures the chemicals in the cerebrospinal fluid.The doctor collects this fluid by doing a spinal tap procedure (lumbar puncture), which involves inserting a thin needle into the lower back (lumbar spine).This way, the doctor collects a small amount of fluid which he/she removes for testing.The results of the CSF analysis will enable the doctor to determine if there is any bleeding going on in the brain.If the analysis shows that bleeding is happening, the doctor will have to do additional tests to identify the exact cause of this bleeding.TREATMENT OF BRAIN ANEURYSMS It’s worth mentioning that not all brain aneurysms need treatment.The very small, unruptured aneurysms that are not linked with any factors that cause a high risk of rupture can be safe ly left alone.So long as these are monitored for growth with MRA or CTA, you have nothing to worry about.Before treating an unruptured brain aneurysm, the doctor will consider a number of factors in order to determine the best treatment option. These factors include:Risk of ruptureRisk of treatmentSize, type, and location of aneurysmPatient’s age and healthPatient’s personal and family medical historyIf you have an unruptured brain aneurysm and want to reduce the risk of rupturing, there are some steps you can take to keep yourself safe. These includeCarefully monitor and control your blood pressure.Quit smoking.Steer clear of cocaine and other stimulant drugs which raise your blood pressure.The main goal when treating a ruptured aneurysm is to prevent further bleeding and the potential permanent brain damage that could occur.Some of the available options for treating ruptured brain aneurysms include:Endovascular TreatmentsEndovascular treatments include the use of endovascular coils, stents, or Onyx, which is a liquid glue.Endovascular treatment is a minimally invasive treatment option which involves inserting a catheter into the body through a small hole in the leg, and then navigating it using real-time X-ray guidance through the vascular system to the head and the aneurysm’s location.Coiling and StentingIn this treatment method, endovascular coils are used to block the flow of blood into the aneurysm. Typically, a patient will need 4 to 6 coils for blood flow to be successfully blocked. Coiling is much safer than surgical clipping, though there is a risk that the aneurysm might bleed again in future.OnyxThis is yet another endovascular treatment. It involves the use of a liquid material known as Onyx which is injected into the patient’s bloodstream via tiny tube fed into the brain. This liquid solidifies quickly and cuts off the flow of blood to the damaged vessel, and thus stemming the bleeding.Open Surgery TreatmentThe traditional treatment for b rain aneurysms is open brain surgery.An example of this is surgical clipping, a procedure during which a surgeon removes a section of skull.The surgeon then places a metal clip across the aneurysm’s base, and then puts back the section of skull in its original place.The function of the metal clip is to stop the aneurysm’s blood supply.Generally, aneurysms which are completely clipped do not recur. In the three weeks immediately following the hemorrhage, treatment and monitoring is very important.Complications are most likely to occur during this three-week period.The doctor may prescribe medication and sedatives. Total bed rest is necessary.If the aneurysm has not yet ruptured, the doctor will focus on preventing an initial rupture using either open surgery or endovascular techniques.Protecting Yourself from Brain AneurysmIf you want to reduce the risk of getting or rupturing an aneurysm, you should avoid activities and a lifestyle that can potentially raise your blood pressure or damage your blood vessels.These activities include:Eating a high-fat dietSmokingDrug abuseObesityIgnoring high blood pressureWRAPPING UPBrain aneurysms are potentially life threatening, yet at the same time they are not easy to detect unless they rapture.The best way to keep yourself safe is to seek immediate medical attention whenever you experience any sudden and severe headache.If you are diagnosed with an unruptured aneurysm, you should take active steps to control your blood pressure.You can do this by eating a balanced diet, avoiding harmful habits like smoking and drug abuse and generally living a healthy lifestyle.

Animal Testing Should Not Be Practiced - 908 Words

For many years, animals have been used as experimental hosts for treatments and products that exist today. These animals are live hosts, making them open to experiencing every torturing pain that is inflicted on them by the experimenter. A majority of animals that are tested on later die. Animal testing does not give accurate results relating to humans. These tests should not be practiced any longer. There are many individuals who believe that animal experimentation has only positive outcomes. They argue that animal testing has provided a plethora of life-saving cures and treatments. Animals are also seen as perfect hosts, because they are similar to humans. Animals are believed to react to certain chemicals the same way as humans†¦show more content†¦With the conditions these animals live in and the pain that they experience, it is unsure whether the results are accurate simply because the subject is not healthy. Many people believe that animals are so similar to hu mans because they have the same organs that function in the same way as humans do. They even believe that they are perfect subjects because they are susceptible to the same diseases and illnesses as humans. Conversely, animals and humans are different. Their size and metabolic system are a few examples. Rats are used a lot in research, but humans greatly exceed a rat’s average size. Therefore, a rat’s capacity of a certain drug is extremely different from a human. This goes for all animals. Animals also metabolize faster than humans, meaning that all the chemical reactions in animals, such as healing process and production of ATP, are achieved at a faster rate than humans. These differences make it more difficult to determine the outcome of a human who is exposed to the same drug as the animal. Since animals are seen as having very similar reactions to certain substances as humans do, they are considered to be the perfect experiment group. However, these resea rchers can be easily mislead into ignoring potential cures during animal experimentation. There are some substances that are harmful to animals but not to humans. According to neurologist Aysha Akhtar, MD, MPH, â€Å"Aspirin is

The Unnatural Act of Leadership, Book Review Essay

Odilia Bergh, Peachtree City Police Department Human Resource Management and Development The Unnatural Act of Management February 26, 2013 I began this book like most books, with great anticipation that it was going to be amazing, why else would a qualified instructor assign it. I assumed that it would be a shining example of the finest managerial principals in existence all compacted into a simple to read text with plenty of graphs and helpful handouts. I was certain that I would be a more effective leader for having read it. I spent time strategizing how I would write my paper with great enthusiasm. Then, I read the book. In the first few pages I found myself so caught up with the character development that I quickly lost†¦show more content†¦I value the decision making process more now that I align myself more clearly with upper management than the mind set of line officers. As a first line supervisor I fill in the blanks when the plans and processes have been identified. I recognize the overall need to establish goals and objectives that are clear and measurable but as a first line supervisor I usually find myself making suggestions and providing raw data which is manipulated and interpreted above my position. Chapter six, I read the title and got excited, What is Management and When Are You Managing? Yes, now we are getting somewhere! I found some truth early on, kind of†¦ Stanley had the position that you learn to be a good manager by managing not by going to school. Before I was promoted years ago I had already obtained my four year degree in Business Management and Organizational Leadership so I felt somewhat prepared. Denial is a nice zip code. Within months of being promoted to Sergeant I was escorted to private meeting room by the two senior officers on my newly appointed team. Truly I don’t remember what they said, but the feeling resonates to this day. YOU KNOW NOTHING, BE QUIET, LISTEN, LEARN AND THEN MAYBE WE WILL LET YOU LEAD. 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Culture and Substance Abuse Free Essays

The juvenile justice and the adolescent treatment systems have various linkages that can be looked at for long term sustainability. A linkage between various serving agencies is one of the most notable system linkages. As far as system linkages are concerned, building positive relationships is always existent between the two. We will write a custom essay sample on Culture and Substance Abuse or any similar topic only for you Order Now This has been done for an effective system to ensure that there are positive outcomes based on the correlation that exists (Antai-Otong, 2008, p. 17). There is a lot of appropriate supervision to ensure that juveniles and adolescents are transformed. This has been done by sharing information that can be used as time goes by to turn around both juveniles and adolescents. Cross system coordination has also existed as an important linkage that can be employed for long term sustainability. To ensure that system linkages are effective, there are a lot of community coordination links. Facilities are also a system linkage between the juvenile justice and the adolescent training system. There is no difference between juveniles and adolescents and this means that the system is linked by programs that will involve everybody (Copeman, 2003, p. 6). Another system linkage is research and practice that ensures that the needs of the juvenile justice and the adolescent training system are catered for. The legal system is also linked to ensure that cases are effectively dealt with. Question Two Treatment of substance abuse for juvenile offenders requires a lot of planning for efficiency. This means that there are a lot of clinical and programmati c issues that are involved in planning for treatment. Direct inquiries are made in relation to the treatment that will be offered to ensure that everything is well planned for. Design controlled clinical treatment is another aspect that is done in advance to ensure that juvenile offenders are attended to in specific reference to their problem. Everything needs to be designed from the beginning to ensure that there will be efficiency in treatment for juvenile offenders (Siegel, 2005, p. 19). An upward bound program is designed as far as clinical and programmatic issues are concerned to ensure that there is proper planning. Some of these aspects might include a counseling program that is always effective in ensuring that uveniles who have been abusing drugs are recovering well. Treatment planning is an issue that needs to be put into consideration with an aim of placing good guidelines that will guide the whole process. Before a placement plan is developed, there is need to do a behavioral observation on juveniles. This is because there might be some behavioral problems that might make it impossible to achieve effective treatment (Rang, 2003, p. 34). Juvenile offenders are supposed to be grouped in relation to their substance abuse needs and this is another issue as far as planning for treatment is concerned. Question Three Supportive programs and services are some of the factors that have been used to engage hard to reach adolescent populations. This is because some of these populations are always violent meaning that they are supposed to be approached cautiously. Voluntary counseling is a good approach to reach hard to find adolescent populations (Sullivan, 2001, p. 47). This ensures that they are positively influenced without creating any problem in relation to their general well being and welfare. Identification of specific characteristics in a given population is another factor that has always been used to engage hard to reach adolescents. As a matter of fact, identification of challenges is very important to ensure that a good program is designed for long term sustainability. Conclusion It is undeniable that drugs and substance abuse have become a very important element of youth culture as time goes by. In this case, the abuse of drugs has become a normal trend among the youths thereby forming a culture amongst them. This means that drugs give youths an identity from the rest who do not use drugs. All this withstanding, drugs will continue to play an integral part in youth culture (Copeman, 2003, p. 31). This is because they consider it as a normal thing and aspect of their lives. As a matter of fact, young guys who attend parties consider drugs as a must have. There are youths who are experimenting with drugs to fit in a given group and this could be because of peer pressure. This is what they consider as culture but it has occasionally led to substance abuse in the long run. How to cite Culture and Substance Abuse, Papers

lovw Essays - Love, Interpersonal Relationships, Emotions

Love relationships are similar to a seesaw, as the seesaw tips according to the persons sitting on the two sides, a love relationship can also lean according to the mentality of the couple in the said relationship. Passage 1 and Passage 2 both depict situations with love relationships that have varying passions, intensity, and dilemmas. Passage 1 and Passage 2 establish a controlling idea that love?s various obstacles and hindrances can occur by the individuals in the relationship or by outside forces affecting the relationships. Passage 1 introduces the idea that the crisis of death can occur during a relationship. Passage 1 describes the relationship between two lovers. When the woman in the relationship dies the man is left to mourn over the death of his lover. This death profoundly affects the man and his ability to live without his love. This is evident when the speaker, in stanza 5, states the hyperbole ?And neither the angels in heaven above, Nor the demons down under the sea, Can ever dissever my soul from the soul Of the beautiful Annabel Lee.? These thoughts and feelings of mourning due to the death of the woman thus create the obstruction that may transpire in a relationship. As to solving this dilemma the man in the relationship decides to lie side by side next to his deceased lover. Passage 2 incorporates the idea of an obstacle during a relationship, however not in the form of death. Passage 2 describes a situation where a woman asks a man, presumably her father, to tell her about times when she was a child. In the story a couple is described to be in love and wanting to be together. One obstacle the couple faces is, having to survive in the lower floor of a dentist?s office with a young child, who is the woman listening to this story. This is only a minor problem the couple has to face, and in addition, this problem is faced by the couple together not by one or the other. The major problem comes up when their baby seems to be sick and the husband decides to go hunting early in the morning. The wife is upset at the husband and questions his role in the relationship. This shows the obstacle in this relationship. Specifically the obstacle faced is that of desire versus responsibility. The husband wants to go and hunt with his friend Carl but needs to fulfill his role as a father and take care of the child. After the development of the dilemma the husband decides to be proactive and stays home to help his wife and his child. Passage 1 and Passage 2 both establish a controlling idea that love relationships are affected with problems and dilemmas by the individuals in the relationships and possibly by outside forces that influence the progress of the relationship. Passage 1 introduces the outside manipulation and influence on a relationship when Annabel Lee dies leaving her lover to mourn and his denial to part with her. Her death is the dilemma that affects this relationship. Passage 2 incorporates the idea of problems within a relationship when the husband has to choose between his desires and his responsibility towards his family. This shows the internal obstacle present in the family. Love relationships are complex in the fact that various factors influence the progress and development of them.

Free Essays on Adolf

Hitler's Speech at the Berlin Sports Palace (January 30, 1941) ________________________________________ My German countrymen, men and women, (long pause) Changes of Government have occurred frequently in history, and in the history of our people. It is certain, however, that never was a change of Government attended with such far-reaching results as that eight years ago. At that time the situation of the Reich was desperate. We were called upon to take over the leadership of the nation at a moment when it did not seem to develop towards a great rise. We were given power in circumstances of the greatest conceivable pressure, the pressure of the knowledge that, by itself, everything was lost, and that, in the eyes of the noblest minds, this represented a last attempt, while in the eyes of evil-wishers it should condemn the National-Socialist Movement to final failure. Unless the German nation could be saved, by a miracle, the situation was bound to end in disaster. For during a period of 15 years, events had moved downwards without respite. On the other hand, this situation was only the result of the World War: of the outcome of the World War, of our own internal, political, moral, and military collapse. For these reasons it is particularly important on a day like this to think back to the course of that entire national misfortune. What was the cause of the World War? I do not want to explain it from the personal aspect, about which so many treatises have been written. Ordered by the present President Roosevelt, American scholars have investigated the cause of the World War and made sure that there could be no German guilt. In moments of so great importance in contemporary history, individuals can play a significant part only if they enter the scene as really outstanding personalities. This was not then the case. Neither on the German nor on the other side were there personalities cast in an unusual mould. The cause, therefore, could ... Free Essays on Adolf Free Essays on Adolf Hitler's Speech at the Berlin Sports Palace (January 30, 1941) ________________________________________ My German countrymen, men and women, (long pause) Changes of Government have occurred frequently in history, and in the history of our people. It is certain, however, that never was a change of Government attended with such far-reaching results as that eight years ago. At that time the situation of the Reich was desperate. We were called upon to take over the leadership of the nation at a moment when it did not seem to develop towards a great rise. We were given power in circumstances of the greatest conceivable pressure, the pressure of the knowledge that, by itself, everything was lost, and that, in the eyes of the noblest minds, this represented a last attempt, while in the eyes of evil-wishers it should condemn the National-Socialist Movement to final failure. Unless the German nation could be saved, by a miracle, the situation was bound to end in disaster. For during a period of 15 years, events had moved downwards without respite. On the other hand, this situation was only the result of the World War: of the outcome of the World War, of our own internal, political, moral, and military collapse. For these reasons it is particularly important on a day like this to think back to the course of that entire national misfortune. What was the cause of the World War? I do not want to explain it from the personal aspect, about which so many treatises have been written. Ordered by the present President Roosevelt, American scholars have investigated the cause of the World War and made sure that there could be no German guilt. In moments of so great importance in contemporary history, individuals can play a significant part only if they enter the scene as really outstanding personalities. This was not then the case. Neither on the German nor on the other side were there personalities cast in an unusual mould. The cause, therefore, could ... Free Essays on Adolf ADOLF HITLER 1. THE BEGINNING At half past six on the evening of April 20th, 1889 a child was born in the small town of Branau, Austria. The name of the child was Adolf Hitler. He was the son a Customs official Alois Hitler, and his third wife Klara. As a young boy Adolf attendated church regulary and sang in the local choir. One day he carved a symbol into the bench which resembled the Swastika he later used as the symbol of the Nazi party. He was a pretty good student. He received good marks in most of his classes. However in his last year of school he failed German and Mathematics, and only succeeded in Gym and Drawing. He drooped out of school at the age of 16, spending a total of 10 years in school. From childhood one it was his dream to become an artist or architect. He was not a bad artist, as his surviving paintings and drawings show but he never showed any originality or creative imagination. To fullfil his dream he had moved to Vienna the capital of Austria where the Academ y of arts was located. He failed the first time he tried to get admission and in the next year, 1907 he tried again and was very sure of success. To his surprise he failed again. In fact the Dean of the academy was not very impressed with his performance, and gave him a really hard time and said to him "You will never be painter." The rejection really crushed him as he now reached a dead end. He could not apply to the school of architecture as he had no high-school diploma. During the next 35 years of his live the young man never forgot the rejection he received in the dean's office that day. Many Historians like to speculate what would have happened IF.... perhaps the small town boy would have had a bit more talent....or IF the Dean had been a little less critical, the world might have been spared the nightmare into which this boy was eventually to plunge it. 2. WORLD WAR I While living in Vienna Hitler he made his living by drawing small pictures of famous...

ACT English Prep The Best Methods and Strategies

ACT English Prep The Best Methods and Strategies SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Preparing for the ACT English section can feel overwhelming. This section covers a lot of material that is often not taught in school, and the format is probably different from that of any other test you’ve taken. Even more confusing, there are a ton of differentsources forACT English prep. How do you decide which ones to use? How do you make the most efficient use of your study time? What should you do to prepare for ACT English to reach your target score? In this article, I will break down the best way to prepare for ACT English. I've arranged my tips by how important I feel they are to ACT English success, but you need to follow them all if you want to be fully prepared on test day. By following these tips, you can have a more disciplined, focused approach to your ACT prep, and you can be more confident in the methods you’re using to prepare. #1: Comprehensively Learn the Grammar Rules on the ACT Understanding the grammar rules the ACT tests isessential to doing well on the ACT English section. The ACT tests the same grammar rules repeatedly; if you can master these rules, you'll be well on your way to reaching your ACT English target score. On the PrepScholar blog, we have written articles on the grammar rules and errors that appear on the ACT. Each article provides real examples, explanations, and strategies for answering related questions: Subject-Verb Agreement Verb Tense and Forms Comma Rules Punctuation Pronoun Agreement Pronoun Case Wordiness and Redundancy Idioms Run-On Sentences/Sentence Fragments Parallelism Faulty Modifiers Adjective and Adverb Errors Relative Pronouns Word Choice/Diction Focus your studying on the rules that are most commonly tested, but ultimately you should be familiar with all the rules, especially if you're targeting a 36. Check out this article on the distribution of appearance of the grammar rules on the ACT. #2: Review the Types of Rhetorical Skills Questions and Strategies for Answering Them Many of the rhetorical skills questions differ greatly from the grammar questions, as theytest your reading comprehension andyour ability toanalyze the passage rather than your knowledge of conventions. To tackle these questions,you need to be able to identify what you're being asked and know how to find the correct answer. On the PrepScholar blog, there are articles on each type of rhetorical skills question, examples, and strategies for correctly answering each type of question. Here are links to these articles: Macro Logic Transitional Logic Relevance Add/Delete Author Main Goal Author Technique Formality Understanding the content and questions that appear on ACT English is imperative to doing well. However, if you want to prepare yourself fully, you need to repeatedly test your understanding by doing practice problems. #3: Do Tons of Practice Problems and Understand Every Mistake Doing tons of practice problems will make you more confident with the material and increase your comfort level with the unique format of the ACT English section. Make sure you keep doing practice problems consistently. Use official practice tests, when possible, because the problems on those tests are most representative of what you're likely to see on the ACT. I highly recommend you follow the advice in this post on the best sources for ACT English practice.Additionally, PrepScholar has over 1500 practice problems customized to each skill. It's important to note, however, that just doing practice problems isn't enough. Why You Need to Understand Your Mistakes Even though doing a ton of practice problems will be beneficial to your ACT English preparation, if you keep repeating the same mistakes, your score won't improve. You have to understand why you're getting questions wrong so you can address your weaknesses and continue raising your score. Students often neglect to take the necessary time to understand their mistakes and figure out how to correct them in the future. Understanding your mistakes can be more difficult than just doing practice problems, but it's an extremely important step in the preparation process. How to Understand Your Mistakes Fully understanding your mistakes takes time and effort. Here is the process I recommend you use to comprehend why you made each mistake and know how to improve your deficiencies. This process is somewhat rigorous, but it's the best way to prepare for ACT English. On every practice test andproblem set you do, circleevery question onwhichyou're even 20% unsure what the answer is. When you grade your test or quiz, carefully review eachquestion you circledor answered incorrectly. This way you'll be reviewing bothyour missed questions and the questions that you got right by guessing. On your computer or in a notebook, write down the gist of the question, why you missed it, and what you'll do to avoid that mistake in the future. Create different sections for each grammar rule and type of rhetorical skills question. Try to determine why you got questions wrong on your own. However, if you're having trouble figuring out why you made mistakes, the ACT website has a test with explanations and The Real ACT Prep Guide has 5 tests with explanations. Take notes on what you specifically missed and how to improve in the future. Be as thorough and specific as possible. For example, don't just write that you missed a comma question. Did you add a comma unnecessarily? Did you forget that you should put a comma before and after an appositive phrase? What resources will you use to learn this rule and ensure that you don't make the same mistake again? Also, don't just take notes on your content issues. Write down any information about your careless errors and what steps you'll take to prevent repeating them. Did you forget to read the whole sentence? Do you need to look at the answer choices more closely? You want to really dig into why you're missing questions and focus on specific ways to improve. #4: Identify Your Weaknesses and Drill Them As long asyou do a thorough job of categorizing your missed questions, you should be able to easily determineyour weaknesses. Spendadditional time practicing the areas in whichyou're struggling. Maybe there's a specific grammar rule like pronoun agreement or parallelism that's causing you difficulties. Maybe you struggle with a specific type of rhetorical skills question like author main goal or macro logic questions. Do extra content review and practice problems related to those types of questions. We thinkPrepScholar is a great resource for this type of practice because it's designed to customize your ACT prep to focus on your weaknesses.If you'd prefer to try something else, the best ACT prep books and websitesalso have real and realistic practice problems for each type of ACT English question. Additionally, you should continue reviewing all the questions you missed and marked. Focus your studying on the areas where you're having problems. If you spend the majority of your time practicing stuff you already know, you're not using your time effectively. #5: Determine If You Have a Time Management Issue and, If So, Address It How to Determine if You Have Time Management Issues Find an official ACT and take the ACT English section. Use a timer and treat it like a real test. If time runs out and you're not finished, keep going,but for every new answer or answer you change after the allottedtime, mark it with a note as "Extra Time." Grade your test, but we want two scores: 1) The Realistic score you got under normal testing conditions and 2) The Extra Time score. If the difference is more than 4 raw points, then you need to address your time management issues. How to Fix Time Management Issues Generally, time management improves as you become more familiar and confident with the content. If time management is a lingering issue, you may have to change how you approach ACT English passages. Also, you may need to monitor your time spent per question. Easier grammar questions should take around 15-20 seconds. Big picture rhetorical skills questions can take up to a minute. I recommend never spending more than a minute on any individual question. Keep in mind that you have an average of 36 seconds per question in ACT English. While some of you may struggle completing the ACT English section, others may find that they're rushing. This is an equally serious problem. If you're finishing the section with more than 5 minutes left and you're getting more than a couple of questions wrong, you need to slow down. Reread the previous sentence. Slow down! Read the questions more carefully, take a closer look at the answer choices, and spend time reviewing your answers. Don't Rush. #6: Build Your Test Endurance The ACT can be mentally draining and it's easy to lose focus during the test. Fortunately, the ACT English section is always first, so you should have plenty of energy. On the other hand,you won't have time to ease into the test. Before test day, take at least 3 official tests simulating test-taking conditions. Mimic the test day experience as closely as possible. Use a timer. Bubble in your answers. Only take the ACT-allowed breaks. Turn off your cell phone. Yes, you read that correctly. Turn off your your cell phone! I know that will probably be scary and cause you anxiety, but you have to turn off your cell phone during the ACT, so you might as well practice going a few hours without posting an Instagram pic. If you follow all these tips, I guarantee you'll be ready for the ACT English section when test day arrives. You'll know the content, be comfortable with the format, and be confident that you can successfully complete the section. What's Next? As you continue your ACT English prep, I encourage you to study this post on the 5 critical concepts you must understand to ace ACT English. If you're striving for a perfect score, learn how to get a 36 on ACT English from a perfect scorer. You'll also find helpful advice in this article on my top tips for ACT English success. Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this English lesson, you'll love our program.Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands ofpractice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial:

Advertising plan for BMW 3-Series Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Advertising plan for BMW 3-Series - Essay Example BMW Group, one of the 10 largest automotive companies in the world today, started as a manufacturer of aircraft engines in World War I and began building a reputation for reliability and excellence on that undertaking. Initially known as Bayerische Flugzeug-Werke in 1916,the firm changed its name to Bavarian Motor Works in 1917 as it grew rapidly during the war years. In 1923, BMW put together its first motor vehicle, a motorcycle, followed by its first car in 1928, a version of Austin 7, which was built and commercially sold under license. There was no stopping the company since then. Today, the Group operates in 150 countries through 26 production-assembly plants, 35 subsidiary markets and 12 R&D networks. Its flagship products consist of three automotive brands - BMW, MINI and Rolls Royce. All three vehicles share the same configuration, which suggest luxury, premium class, top-of-the-line quality. This is precisely the corporate culture that animates BMW, which is expressed in it s mission statement: "to be the most successful premium manufacturer in the industry." BMW built a solid reputation on this operational strategy.With this kind of philosophy underpinning all BMW's activities, the company produces nothing but premium-class vehicles, which are limited to exclusive sedans and luxury limousines. The side objectives are to set the industry standards for technology, environmental protection and safety, and providing outstanding customer services in the pre- and after-sale phases. These are enshrined in the firm's operations in its 10 R&D facilities worldwide (4 in Munich, 3 in the US and 1 each in Austria, Tokyo and Beijing), 15 production plants (1 in Berlin, 1 in Munich, 4 in UK, and 1 each in China, South Africa, US, Austria and Brazil), 5 assembly plants with local participation (1 each in Indonesia, Russia, Egypt, Malaysia and Thailand), and sales and marketing subsidiaries in 35 countries. In 2005, the company invested 2,597 million euros to boost its property, plant, equipment and other tangible assets, with emphasis on further expanding its production and sales networks. The amount was 81 percent higher than the 1,396 million euros sunk in the firm in 2004 as capital expenditures. A lion's share of this investment went to the company's R&D network, which has been tasked to come up with the BMW "cars of the future." This is part of an expansion plan that has preoccupied management from the start. In 1994, BMW acquired the Rover Group from British Aerospace in the hope that it could duplicate its earlier success with MINI, which used to be a British-owned firm too. For at least six years, some 1 million Rover vehicles were produced in UK yearly until the company suffered losses reaching $2 million per day as a result of the perceived lack of consumer confidence in the brand and the strengthening of the pound. BMW was then forced to sell Rover to the Ford group in 200 0. As for the MINI, BMW hang on to the more successful brand, which is manufactured in its Oxford plant. Market demand for the MINI has never let up, such that at the time BMW was selling Rover, it was pouring in another 50 million euros to increase MINI production. BMW fosters the core values of technology, quality, performance and exclusivity, such that its activities from R&D to sales are committed to achieving the highest quality for products and services. The overall strategy of the company is first, identify areas with growth potential, understand what they represent, recognize where its strength lies, then make the best of every opportunity by pursuing a clear strategy. These considerations guide BMW's structure and how decisions are made, and from the evidence it works like a charm.

Investing Money towards Retirement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Investing Money towards Retirement - Essay Example In the United States traditionally parents assume the cost of putting their kids through college. Financing the college education of two kids can become a very expensive ordeal. Like most working adults Sam is struggling to get by, but he realizes he has to start saving towards these two goals or he won’t have enough time left to accomplish his goals. Sam’s master plan entails saving $150 a month for the foreseeable future in order to put his two kids through college and to be able to retire at the age of 60. His two kids are age 3 and 8 years old. Assuming his two kids will start college at the age of 18 like most teenagers Sam will have to start spending money on college tuition 10 years from now. Sam’s plan of saving 150 a month implies he will save $1,800 a year. Assuming he leaves the money in the bank and makes 1% rate on his saving Sam will have 10 years from now $18,919.25. This amount of money is not sufficient to put his elder kid through four years of college. Sam needs to make adjustments to his plan. The simplest way to adjust his plan is by making better investment options that will allow Sam to make a higher return on his investment. Depending on the banking industry for long-range savings is not a wise move due to the extremely low-interest-rate that this industry offers. Typically interest earns on a banking account is not sufficient enough to offset inflation. Mr. Johnson has to start an investment plan that is aligned with his long-term financial goals. Investing money is not a rocket science, but it requires a person to get educated on financial tools such as stocks, bonds, and mutual funds. Common stocks are one of the simplest types of investment options. A common stock is the transfer of a piece of ownership in a company in exchange for cash.  

Investigating Theft in Retail Organizations Essay -- Stealing Thieves

Investigating Theft in Retail Organizations In an industry where a 1% change in gross margin can mean millions of dollars, retailers have begun focusing greater energy on mitigating losses caused by employee theft. Employee theft has become a problem of increasing significance for retail organizations over the past few decades. In 2004, the European Theft Barometer report showed an increasing prevalence of employee theft in retail organizations, up 1% from 2003 (Technology Tackles Employee Theft, 2005). It’s been estimated that â€Å"the outcome of employee deviance and delinquency accounted for between $6 and $200 billion of organizational loss annually† (Lau, Au, & Ho, 2003). Employee theft can be loosely defined as any behavior by an employee of an entity that is intended to produce detrimental financial outcomes for the employer. This includes pocketing cash, stealing inventory, using company resources for personal gain, and other deceptive tactics. Most modern day retailers are at some level of risk as moti vation and opportunity make theft an attractive choice for many employees. While large organizations have focused on this problem for several years, many small businesses have not devoted the time and resources to addressing this problem. Small businesses may be at particular risk due to a lack of high-tech internal controls that larger organizations may have. Additionally, small businesses often â€Å"frequently deal in cash – the easiest temptation of all to a dishonest worker† (Biddick, 2004). Consequently, small businesses must pay special attention to this problem in hopes of diminishing the risk (Biddick, 2004). Understanding the motivations of an employee that engages in theft can be an essential means to changing the circumstances and situations that might encourage these harmful activities. Employee motivations can be classified into three main categories: personal, organizational, and economic factors. Personal factors include such items a person’s individual viewpoint on and reactions to such items as job satisfaction, relationship with co-workers and employer, and one’s perceptions of the work environment (Lau, Au, & Ho, 2003). These are all factors that will differ based on the employee. Organizational factors refer to the controls placed in the work environment. These include the broad â€Å"Control Environment†, as referred to by the COSO fra... ...he situation. When investigating the theft, they should perform a cost-benefit analysis, and then use both physical and testimonial fact gathering to uncover the culprit. Works Cited: Bassett, J. W. (2003). Solving Employee Theft Cases. The Internal Auditor, 60(6), 23. Retrieved May 11, 2005, from ABI-Inform Online Biddick, K. (2004). Think big when protecting small business from employee theft. Nation’s Restaurant News, 38(36), 26. Retrieved May 10, 2005, from ABI-Inform Online Lau, V., Tung Au, W. & Ho J. M. (2003). A Qualitative and Quantitative Review of Antecedents of Counterproductive Behavior in Organizations. Journal of Business and Psychology, 18(1), 73-100. Retrieved May 15, 2005, from ABI-Inform Online Shoplifting, employee theft and check fraud top retailers’ concerns. (2005). NPN, National Petroleum News, 96(11), 12. Retrieved May 11, 2005, from ABI-Inform Online Technology Tackles Employee Theft. (2005). Retail World, 58(3), 41. Retrieved May 10, 2005, from ABI-Inform Online Tryon, G. & Kleiner, B. H. (1997). How to investigate alleged employee theft properly. Managerial Auditing Journal, 12(1), 19. Retrieved May 15, 2005, from ABI-Inform Online

Organizations and Behaviour Essay

Requirement 1: 1.1Compare and contrast different organisational structures and culture (P1.1) 1.2 Explain how the relationship between an organisation’s structure and culture can impact on the performance of the business (P1.2). 1.3 Discuss the factors which influence individual behaviour at work (P1.3) Requirement 2: 2.1Compare the effectiveness of different leadership styles in different organisations (P2.1). 2.2Explain how organisational theory underpins the practice of management (P2.2) 2.3Evaluate the different approaches to management used by different organisations (P2.3) Requirement 3: 3.1Discuss the impact that different leadership styles may have on motivation in organisations in periods of change (P3.1) 3.2Compare the application of different motivational theories within the workplace (P3.2)3.3Evaluate the usefulness of a motivation theory for managers (P3.3) Requirement 4: 4.1Explain the nature of groups and group behaviour within organisations (P4.1) 4.2Discuss factors that may promote or inhibit the development of effective teamwork in organisations (P4.2). 4.3Evaluate the impact of technology on team functioning within a given organisation (P4.3) Evaluate the factors that promote the development of effective teamwork of Zara and derive a valid and rational conclusion. (D1) Assume you are the Human Resource Manager of any business, how would you take the responsibility for managing and organising activities of your business in the context of the organisation behaviour? (D2) Points will be awarded to those who demonstrate convergent/lateral/creative thinking to give answer. (D3)

Laura J. Mcgough’S Gender, Sexuality, And Syphilis In Early

Laura J. McGough’s Gender, Sexuality, and Syphilis in Early Modern Venice opens immediately in the dawn of the 16th century, when France invaded Italy. This invasion brought diseases previously foreign to the area that immediately became linked to the French and the destruction of Italian institutions. McGough quickly defines the illness she will examine, which is not necessarily Syphilis as indicated in title. The disease is a more broadly encompassing ‘French disease’ and while frequently considered to be, it is too broad to claim that all cases were syphilis. This book endeavours to describe the social and cultural history of the French disease, and its’ endemic history. Inability to look at the entire situation means the French disease†¦show more content†¦The focus remained on metertice and their role, as unmarried women were most heavily stigmatized for their relationships. This brings McGough to her second study in Chapter 2, looking at how gender affected perception and response to the French disease. (For men, some considered the French disease as a symbol of sexual success, however for the most part society accused diseased men as being undisciplined, unable to resist the temptation of the female body. It was widely understood that women were the cause and carriers of the disease, and able to inflict it upon men. The diseased women were portrayed as promiscuous, and usually beautiful according to folk myths that the disease arrived in the form of a beautiful prostitute, who slept with hundreds of French soldiers. In Chapter 3 stigma is further imposed, as the French disease becomes seemingly more treatable. This thrust the burden of stigma upon ‘incurable’ patients and McGough looks at several case studies to prove this. Incurable women were assumed to be continuing in sexual relations, and not serious about reform. Men occasionally looked for witchcraft as being the cause of incurable disease, or were blamed for continued sexuality and lack of discipline. This lead to differences in aid displayed in Chapter 4. Women were institutionalized to protect virginity or encourage repentance, while men had much more opportunities for medical care. Women’s institutions such as the

Professional Essay example - 1116 Words

Professional I remember when my sister and I would play school with our friends. It was one of the best experiences that I had. It was this experience that helped me make up my mind about being a teacher. Now as I move through the different stages in the educational program, I have determined that I have developed certain beliefs. By teaching and working with children, people can see my beliefs. My philosophy towards education is progressivism. Progressivism can be found in my views about public schools, my teaching methods, and my curriculum. First, my view towards public schools comes from my own experiences, as a student and from my observations. The main purpose of education is to teach students†¦show more content†¦Second, I determined that I have a progressivism view in my teaching method, which can be divided in to two groups. The first group is when students will use their knowledge and reason to solve questions. Some examples are problem solving, decision-making, and critical thinking, where they must come up with their own solutions to the problems. To teach this I will use some written problems or role-playing. I will have them play games that will stimulate them to think. One time I played brainteaser with the students, which was a game to help them with their SATS. Some knew all the correct answers, while others learned new information and had fun at the same time. The second group is having students interact with each other. Some examples are project-based instruction, cooperative learning activities, and scientific investigation. In this group they can help each other and learn new knowledge. Everybody thinks in different ways; because of this a different viewpoint can shine some light on the problem. Here as a teacher I can play games, put students into groups, or go on trips. As a teacher, I will have my students help me come up with rules and discipline actions. I will listen to their views on anything in the classroom. Because of this, students will feel that they have their opinions heard andShow MoreRelatedAn Hr Professional For Hr Professionals2399 Words   |  10 Pagesmeans to be an HR professional with reference to the CIPD’s HR Profession CIPD’s HR Profession Map sets out standards for HR professionals around the world- the activities, knowledge and behaviours needed for success. It represents an accurate tool that guides an HR practitioner’s learning and development towards becoming an effective HR professional. It was launched in 2009 and today it is used by a large number of organisations to define or benchmark their team of HR professionals at all levels. TheRead MoreGoals Of Professional Socialization785 Words   |  4 PagesProfessional socialization has four goals: (1) to learn the technology of the profession- the facts, skills, and theory, (2) to learn to internalize the professional culture, (3) to find a personally and professionally acceptable version of the role, and (4) to integrate this professional role into all of the other life roles (Masters, p. 174). In the first goal, it is our duty to stay in touch with advancing technology. This advancement allows more efficient and precise diagnostics. We are learningRead MoreThe Professional Army As A Profession1134 Words   |  5 PagesThe Professional Army The term professional has always been loosely associated with the Army since its official organization in 1775. The title of Army professional in the past was restricted to only the officer ranks discarding Soldiers and the Non-Commissioned Officers. 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Equipping first-time work force entrants and existing business men and women with knowledge of this topic are essential, because provided is the dos and do not’s of constructing and maintaining a professional image to ensure their individual success in the job market. This report will explain the importance of being professional in the business world as well asRead MoreProfessional Roles And Communication : Why Is Healthcare Provided By A Team Of Different Professionals973 Words   |  4 PagesProfessional Roles and Communication: Why is healthcare provided by a team of different professionals? How do we achieve this? Healthcare environments are becoming more complex and demanding, therefore an initiative of a team of different health professionals approach is being undertaken to provide healthcare. A team is defined as â€Å"a small group of interdependent people who collectively have the expertise, knowledge and skills needed for a task or ongoing work.†(Keller, Eggenberger, Belkowitz, SarsekeyevaRead MorePersonal Statement : Professional Identity808 Words   |  4 Pagesdefine professional identity as it relates to health and human services delivery and discuss and consider how industry, professional and quality agencies guide the provision of safe and effective patient or client care in your discipline. Nursing is one of the most intimate health care professions. They are connected to their patients as soon as they are admitted into their care right through until they are discharged into someone else’s care. With this, nurses have a strict professional identityRead MoreCode Of Ethics And Professional Conduct1274 Words   |  6 PagesEthics and Professional Conduct of BIP The Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct (CEPC) has been formulated on the basis of article 44, 45, 46, 47 of BIP constitution, to secure the rights and benefits of the Planners community in Bangladesh. CEPC not only provide guidance and support to the members of BIP on their lead in the professional field but also offers assurance to the client who avails the services of Planners. Members have the opportunity to express their opinion about professional affairsRead MoreEthics Paper : Professional Certifications1286 Words   |  6 Pages Ethics paper Professional Certifications In the physical therapy field, it is very important to continue education to better understand the need to be effective in restore mobility, relieve pain and reduce the need for surgery and prescription drugs. Being knowledgeable increases marketability. The great thing about physical therapy is that it is needed in hospitals, private practices, outpatient clinics, home health agencies, schools, sports and fitness facilities, work settings, and nursingRead MoreWorking With A Human Service Professional889 Words   |  4 Pageslife. Working with a Human Service Professional (HSP) in an equal relationship can help Gary change is basic leadership and conduct by working personally with the Gary; Human Service Professionals (HSP) experts recognize issues and make a plan for organizations to help Gary comprehend his issues. HSP cannot drive help on some person who need not bother with it, and they cannot accept control over a client s life. Gary working with a Human Service Professional (HSP), it can help Gary by getting him

Macbeth, By William Shakespeare - 1416 Words

William Shakespeare’s tragic play Macbeth is widely renowned and respected as one of the most influential works in history. Taylah Thirlwall compares Geoffrey Wright’s 2006 film to Roman Polanski’s 1971 film, and scrutinizes the portrayal of Masculinity. Using guns for swords and drugs for poison, the Melbourne’s Underground becomes a frolicking pitch for Wright’s Macbeth. Daggers, illusion and battling provides a framework into the highlighted theme of masculinity. What is masculinity, and the relation of this cohesive concept to Shakespeare’s classic Macbeth? William Shakespeare was truly a master at idolising the masculinity of a character. Throughout Roman Polanski’s 1971 version of Macbeth, he demonstrates an accurate masculinity†¦show more content†¦In the accumulation to the famous battle scene, set in the castle of Dunsinane, Macbeth embroidered â€Å"I’ll fight till from my bones my flesh be hack’d.Give me my armour† (5.3.30-32). Within this scene Polanski is viewed as a loyal and vigorous man and gives the audience a visual understanding on the masculinity of the character. Geoffrey Wright’s amateur film version of Macbeth, delivers the audience a cringe worthy adaptation of masculity, to the character Macbeth. Costuming within Wright’s film, provides the views with an impression that Macbeth as an acquisitive egotistical man. A scene in Wright’s film where Macbeth is at his haughty banquet, he wears a black velvet buttoned up jacket, with an embodied floral pattern, stopping only half way up to show his stubbly chest. To match the exotic black shirt, a pair of straight slick velvet disco pants are shown off†¦ Now is this really masculine? This quivering, perplexing representation of masculinity towards a modern audience is distressingly incorrect. Polanski’s visual of costuming, gives the audience a real description into how masculinity should be represented in the modern society. To top off the cringe worthy appearance, Wright attempts to use cinematography, to portray masculinity towards his noble Macbeth. Instead within the scene, at the banquet held for Duncan, Macbeth is viewed upon with unnatural and unpleasant buttery lighting with limited close up shots of his face.

Handel’s Opera Free Essays

George Friderick Handel (1685-1759) writes all of his opera for over 35 years. Almost within his lifetime though his operas were considered to be almost obsolete with regards to format yet were of the finest kind. Due to format Handel’s opera were the most neglected in all of his works until recently. We will write a custom essay sample on Handel’s Opera or any similar topic only for you Order Now As with most of the musical artist of his time, Handel’s opera were modeled on both German and Italian style, with some modifications to suit his artistic taste and that of the English for which they were produced (Sadie, 1992, 614). In the span of his career, Handel composed more than forty operas. True to the nature of Baroque music, most of these operas show elements of the use of dance rhythms and elaborate melodic lines. Although born a German, Handel’s opera was influenced by the conventions of the Italian opera seria, became its most important composer with Fench grandeur. Perhaps Handel’s greatest contribution to the field of opera was his ability to convey emotions with sincerity and clarity through melody, so that he often used the opera seria convention of the da capo aria with dramatic and surprising effect (Sadie, 1992, 614). Handel’s first opera was Almira composed in 1705. His fascination with Italians trends showed through his motto arias and obbligato accompaniment in concerto style. In this work however, Handel also showed the influence of his German training as seen by his tendency to repeat rhythmic patterns and relatively infrequent use of highly melismatic melodies. Handel had tried to replace the disorganized plots of much serious middle Baroque opera, with a new type which was strictly organized and formally predictable. Each scene was constructed mostly by a series of alternating recitatives and arias (usually da capo arias) after which the main characters would exit. His opera entitled Agrippina (1709) shown in Venice catapulted Handel to fame. This work shows an extensive borrowings from an earlier (lost) opera, Rodrigo, as well as his earlier cantatas. His success in opera occurred at a time when opera was forbidden in Rome (O’Grady, 1998). Handle’s major Operas were Ottone (1723), Giulio Cesare (1724), Tamerlano (1724), Rinaldo (rev. 1731). How to cite Handel’s Opera, Papers

Business Model Supply Chain Management

Question: Discuss about the Business Model for Supply Chain Management. Answer: Introduction Supply chain management is considered an important aspect of an organization as it analyses the steps that are involved the transportation and distribution chain of the firm. It involves coordination and integration of the flow of goods and services of the organization from the supplier to the wholesaler to retailer and to the consumer. The ultimate goal of any supply chain management group of the organization aims at reducing the inventories of the organization. The logistics management approaches that are undertaken by an organization must be efficient enough thereby allowing the organization to fulfil their targets (Fawcett et al., 2014). Supply chain management flows must follow three flows, namely product flow, information flow and finances flow. The product flow consists of the movements of goods from the suppliers to the customers as well as from the customer returns or service needs. Information flow involves the transmittal of orders and update of the delivery status. On the other hand, financial flow consists of the financial terms of credit, payments and consignment along with title ownership arrangements. For a supply chain management in the organization to be quite successful in nature, there are seven principles of supply chain management that acts as key actions that need to be undertaken (Wisner et al., 2014). These seven principles of supply chain management helps in framing the correct from of framework for the organization that would be accurate enough to perform its responsibilities and adhere to the objectives of the firm. In this report, the supply chain management of Zara has been undertaken. The report aims at analysing the supply chain of the company and infers valuable information as of how the organization has been able to maintain its well equipped logistic chain framework. The achievements of the firm have been addressed based on the seven principles of supply chain management. The issues that have been found in the case of Zara have been highlighted in this study where some recommendations have been framed to uplift the framework. This study would provide the scope of accessing the valuable information and ways in which the Supply Chain Management structure could be framed for an organization. Background of the company The founder of Zara is Amancio Ortega, in 1975. The country started its first store in Spain and had undertaken the world market for fashion merchandise since then. The company changes its designs for clothing in every two weeks on an average. It carries about 11000 distinct items per year. The stores of the organization have been spread across worldwide and carry 2000 to 4000 items per year in their stores (Cortez et al., 2014). The supply chain has a direct effect on the productivity of the company. It has one of the most efficient and accurate form of logistic chain. The company maintains an automated Supply Chain Distribution Centre, which deals with the generation of various facilities. This highly automated distribution centre is known as the cube. Zara is well equipped with all the facilities and technological up gradation. This efficiency in the company provides them with the opportunity of improving their productivity and providing them with the comparative advantage. The company has 12 inventories, which improves their storage area and makes short-term run forecasts making it much more accurate than its competitors do (Fernie Sparks, 2014). The annual sales of the company at the end of the year 2015 have been accounted for $15.9 billion across more than 2100 stores. The organization uses a flexible business model where the stores could be owned, franchised and co-owned with the partners. in order to analyse the supply chain management followed by the organization in a broader perspective, it is very important to take the seven principles of the logistic system into consideration. Logistic management strategies Suppliers: The Company mostly follows vertically integrated supply chain in order to exercise total control over the suppliers. As a result, the demand is easily met and the manufacturing is easily accomplished. Production Philosophy: Zara is more focused to introduce innovative designs and as a result, they launch new commodities rapidly. The Company is also enthusiastic to introduce innovative design as well as it launches new goods rapidly. The Company believes more styles are equivalent to more choices. Zara launches its items in restricted showrooms in which stores receive few pieces of the new commodity (Nenni et al., 2013). This approach of making the product unique sold out the collection rapidly also creates interest in customer about their next commence, making the next product unique and challenging. The approach of lower quantity is equivalent to restricted supply that is in turn equivalent to compulsion acquisition. Storage: Zara has several warehouses in order to store their garments and as a result, they circulate the goods effectually. Distribution: The goods of Zara are distributed and shipped from the manufacturing site via Zara Logistica. Zara immediately stops the production of a particular product that is not sold in the market. In other words, the Company does not allow the piling up of stocks. As a result, the Company gets rid of unnecessary stocking of unsold commodities. Seven principles of supply chain management (SCM) Principle 1: Segmenting customers focusing on the needs of services of diversified groups and adapting the supply chain to dish up segments in a profitable manner According to supply chain managements first principle, it is quite essential for the company to segment their customer based on their service needs. Thereby it would help them to incur the services to the customers accordingly and retain their loyalty towards the organization. Zara has segmented the market along with the lines of demography and lifestyle lines. The brand itself is considered as fashion industrys leader thereby offering money value to its consumers (Qrunfleh Tarafdar, 2014). Zara segments its customers based on various characteristics. Their products are well suited with the segmentation done based on demographic, geographical and seasonal aspects. The demand for the products is famous worldwide. A vast group of consumers all over the world demands it. In order to ascertain the products demanded by the consumers to their respective places, various stores have been made by the firm all over the world. The supply system that is followed by the organization is quite eff ective in delivering the products with utmost care and efficiency. One of the main objectives of the supply chain management of Zara is to provide the people with their respective products without causing any delay. They are more focussed on strategic supply chain management of occupational development and accomplishment. Principle 2: Customization of logistic network in accordance to the requirements of service and customer segments profitability The SCM of Zara follows the information flow where the supply chain is divided into four categories. The people design and order administration, source and manufacture, maintain distribution and in the end is the category of retailing. Zara manufactures 50% of its products in its own store. Following the system of vertical integration of supply management, it makes around 40% of the fabric and purses rest of the dyes from its own subsidiary. The World Retail Congress recently introduced Inditex as the International Retailer of the Year because of the best practice that is implemented by the Company in international retailing. It also acknowledged stock market indexs utmost score because of its social responsible investment. These awards indicate the tendency of Zara for continuous improvement as well as development. The quest for invention is another reason that led to competitive advantage of Zara in the current customer-driven market. The new commodities development and innovation of Zara is attributed globally and its leadership in service. Zara maintains a strong relationship with its suppliers due to alliance and clarity in its supply chain. Persistent enhancement, innovation and teamwork contribute largely to the concept of learning organization. The learning organization of Zara is mostly holistic, impudence as well as related to certainty. The customer-oriented approach of Zara is mostly subjective to the establishment of Zara as well as distinguishing the collaboration between producer and retailer. This in turn represents an exposed and approachable attitude. According to Arrigo (2016), the training, sense of understanding and supportive culture are the traits of Zara. It is also recognized that both learning and core aptitude are the foundation of competitive advantage. Value chain analysis envisaged the core proficiency of Zara. In the present global market, both brand credit and fidelity holds comparatively less control. Brand value is also considered as the source of competitive advantage and on the other hand, value chain analysis is considered as the brand value of Zara. According to one of the online sources, Zara has been placed as number 219 among top 500 international brands. Zara is placed at par with MS and Dove and it also shifts in advance of Sanyo as well as Hyundai and Colgate. The overall business operation of Zara includes design procedure, production procedure as well as distribution procedure that are all sophisticated and helps Zara to emerge as forefront in the market. This is mostly due to the fact that the Company is mostly associated with the responsiveness of the customers. Zara is considered as the only brand that the aptitude to manufacture the most recent design that are demanded by the customers. Zara will also be the first one to place a certain design in the store and as a result, the customers have the tendency to make Zara their first choice while browsing as well as shopping for clothes. The excellent operation of business along with responsiveness of customers leads to customer loyalty and also leads to cycle of growth (Deshmukh Mohan, 2016). Principle 3: Adhering to market indication and aligning planning of demand accordingly with the supply chain, making certain dependable forecasts and most favourable allocation of resources Zara is considered as the initiate in fast fashion, with its supply to the stores twice a week with innovative fashion items. This is the way by which Zara reacts immediately to changes in demand and even if a product is not salable. The innovative products in the store attract more individuals to come daily to purchase their products and also to find new goods to purchase. As a result, it helps to maintain a fresh store as well as reduce the danger of incorrect forecasting. The Company has also shown growth in its product mix while lessening life cycle of products. The items that are sold by Zara are not advertised, as the Company do not desire a brand image. The target of the Company is to meet the expectation of the customers. Mostly the customers regularly stroll to check the new arrivals as items are limited (Kong, 2015). Some clothes are largely demanding in some areas while other clothes in other areas. In other words, in India summer clothes are highly demanded whereas; in Eu rope woollen clothes are highly demanded. Principle 4: Product differentiation closer to customer and conversion of speed across supply chain Zara is already a part of Inditex that is considered as the second largest clothing retailer of the world. The group enhanced its position based on the implausible business model that is based on innovation and differentiation. The differentiation of product is the procedure by which Zara distinguishes its products from others. The Company plays an imperative role with the availability of the product. The differentiation is mostly due to perceiving a divergence (Garca-lvarez, 2015). Zara follows a completely different supply chain strategy where the key players are designing, sourcing, developing and supply to outlets. Zara follows a vertically integrated supply chain. As a result, the demand of the customers is easily met as well as its manufacturing is easily accomplished. Zara mostly believes in time-based competition in which automation acts as the key to augment the speed as well as accuracy of the operation. Principle 5: Managing supply sources tactically to lessen the total cost of holding services and materials According to Madadipouya (2015), Zara has an advantage over its rivals mostly due to low cost of advertising. The advertising expenditure of Zara ranges between 0-.3 percent in comparison to other traditional retailers whose investment expenditure ranges between 3-4 percent. The decrease in advertisement cost reduces the total cost of Zara that in turn makes the Company more economical. This also illustrates that the Company depends mostly on its stores to project their image. As a result, Zara has a department that exclusively works to acquire comprehensive prime real estate location. The department that is responsible for the frequent renovating of layouts of stores display the global stores of Zara. Zara mostly expends its money to open new stores rather than on advertisement campaign (Shah, 2014). The annual sale of Zara in the year 2015 was $15.9 billion. As Zara is not a privately owned company, it is not requisite to reveal information routinely that is released by public comp anies. The Company mostly makes the use of flexible trade model where the stores of the Company can be owned as well as franchised. The parent company of Zara also followed lowest inventory as a percentage of yearly sales that is compared to the nearest international competitors (Ortiz Cuadrado, 2016). Principle 6: Developing a broader technology strategy in supply chain, supporting numerous decision-making levels and providing a clear opinion of the products flow along with services and information The Company mostly makes the use of Hybrid Model information, in which data from stores to headquarters depends from joint human intelligence input as well as from information technology. The technology that is used also helps to increase the supply value chain and as a result, lowers the time of manufacturing. At present, Zara is also trying to make use of eco-friendly technology throughout its global operation. Zara also follows a decentralized decision-making structure throughout its organization. Decision-making also plays an imperative role in the model of Zara (Oshima Lee Emanuel, 2013). Individual store managers are provided with the authority to conclude when products go on sale and which are the products in their store to place orders for. The Company mostly centralizes its designers, purchasers and planners with the similar location at its headquarter. This facilitates for the commodity team to make rapid changes in a coordinated way: designers can make adjustments to stor e goods, purchasers can order more of the products whereas; the planners are able to conclude how to distribute everything across stores (Viardot Nylund, 2017). Principle 7: Adopting channel straddling and measuring performance to measure collective success in reaching the end-user competently and successfully The designers who are associated with Zara collect data on sales and inventory from each of its stores on a day-to-day basis and makes use of this to reflect their view of the circumstance. The performance measures that are used to gauge collective success mostly come from quantitative and qualitative approaches. The stores managers examine both sales and replenishment reports on an hourly basis. On the other hand, store managers orders items themselves instead of depending on what has being sent from the headquarters (Brownlow et al., 2015). Qualitative data mostly deals with direct feedback of the customer that are provided to shop assistants on a daily basis. In order to make sure that the goods reaches the end user effectively and efficiently, the store managers and assistants turn to a team of recovery and they try to recall what happened during the entire day. The collected raw data is examined in the headquarter of Zara where design group, fast prototyping group, market expert s and purchasers sit jointly in strongly coupled teams. On the basis of the feedback, innovative designs are made as well as prototyped and rated (Azevedo Sanchez, 2015). Conclusion: It is recommended that Zara should also make use of upgraded precise information systems that are used by its competitors such as GAP and HM. As a result, it is requisite for Zara to upgrade its systems in order to yield a positive result, which will include more effectual management of high demand as well as automation of distribution centres. Zara should also use a balanced scorecard that will effectually operate with Inditex. The Company should also open more shops in Northern America as it will facilitate Zara to get access to intense fashion trade world that will in turn diminish the shipping cost. This will help Zara to manage sources of supply strategically as it will help to reduce the cost of operation such as management cost of resources as well as the costs related to supply chain and logistics. It can be concluded that the supply chain works in favour of Zara and the supply chain analysis of the Company provides an in depth knowledge of internal value chain. The Company is successful as it makes the use of customer-centric services, logistics, vertical integration as well as economies of scale that is grasped from its parent Company, Inditex. Supply Chain Management of the Company deals with the fact that value addition to customer service is imperative for Zara gaining competitive advantage. The supply chain is not an isolated agile procedure for Zara as with the case of Dell. The customer-oriented approach of Zara is mostly subjective to the establishment of Zara as well as distinguishing the collaboration between producer and retailer. In order to adhere to market signals and align demand planning accordingly across the supply chain, the Company has developed an effectual agile supply chain that comprises all designers, buyer specialists as well as management in a single place. It can also be concluded that Zara keeps away from sourcing of low-cost country however; it makes an investment in the manufacturing as far as possible. The success of Zara from the perspective of speed is that various advantages such as enhanced customer approval, improved market prospect, condensed overall risks as well as decreased total costs can be simultaneously accomplished through being fast. The supply chain of Zara is regarded as a very good example due to strategic alignment that supports time-based strategy perfectly. References Arrigo, E.., 2016. Fast Fashion Business Model: An Overview. In Handbook of Research on Global Fashion Management and Merchandising. IGI Global. pp.(pp. 186-209).. Azevedo, T. Sanchez, R.., 2015. The Production Method Adopted By Zara And Its Impacts On Consumer Decision Making.. European Journal of Business and Social Sciences, , pp.4(09), pp.93-102. Brownlow, J., Zaki, M., Neely, M. Urmetzer, F.., 2015. Data and analyticsData-driven business models: A blueprint for innovation.. Cambridge Service Alliance. Cortez, M.A. et al., 2014. Fast fashion quadrangle: An analysis. Academy of Marketing Studies Journal, pp.18(1), p.1. Deshmukh, A.K. Mohan, A.., 2016. Demand Chain Management: The Marketing and Supply Chain Interface Redefined.,. IUP Journal of Supply Chain Management, pp.13(1), p.20. Fawcett, S.E., Ellram, L.M. Ogden, J.A.., 2014. Supply chain management: from vision to implementation. London: Pearson. Fernie, J. Sparks, L.., 2014. Logistics and retail management: emerging issues and new challenges in the retail supply chain.. Kogan Page Publishers. Garca-lvarez, M.T.., 2015. Analysis of the effects of ICTs in knowledge management and innovation: The case of Zara Group.. In Computers in Human Behavior,. pp.51, pp.994-1002. Kong, E.L.., 2015. Cannibalization effects of products in Zara's stores and demand forecasting (Doctoral dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology). Madadipouya, K.., 2015. A review on the strategic use of it applications in achieving and sustaining competitive advantage. arXiv preprint arXiv:1507.01233. Nenni, M.E., Giustiniano, L. Pirolo, L.., 2013. Demand forecasting in the fashion industry: a review. International Journal of Engineering Business Management, pp.5, p.37. Ortiz Cuadrado, M.., 2016. Valuing an intangible asset. Valuation of a brand name. Zara s brand as an example. Oshima Lee, E. Emanuel, E.J.., 2013. Shared decision making to improve care and reduce costs.. New England Journal of Medicine, pp.368(1), pp.6-8. Qrunfleh, S. Tarafdar, M.., 2014. Supply chain information systems strategy: Impacts on supply chain performance and firm performance. International Journal of Production Economics, , pp.147, pp.340-350. Shah, K.., 2014. Advertising and Integrated Marketing Communicatons.. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. Viardot, E. Nylund, P.A.., 2017. Conquering the Digital Customer: How Zara Is Confronting the. Socio-Economic Perspectives on Consumer Engagement and Buying Behavio. p. p.334. Wisner, J.D., Tan, K.C. Leong, G.K.., 2014. Principles of supply chain management: A balanced approach.. Cengage Learning.